Sun Safety

What Can Prolonged, Unprotected Sun Exposure Do?

UV rays penetrate the skin and cause sunburn, premature ageing and long-term damage. Repeated exposure raises the risk of skin cancers, including melanoma, and can harm the eyes, for example by contributing to cataracts. If you have tattoos, cover them or use a high-SPF sunscreen, because the sun can fade them.

Who Is Most at Risk from the Sun?

Anyone can burn, but the risk is higher with fair skin, freckles, many moles, red or fair hair, a previous history of sunburn, or a personal or family history of skin cancer. Some medications and skin conditions also make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, so ask your doctor or pharmacist if you take regular medication. Darker skin burns less easily but still needs sunscreen.

Choosing the Right SPF

Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen, which covers both UVA and UVB rays.

• SPF 30: the minimum for everyone.
  
  
• SPF 50+: for very fair skin, skin that burns easily, children, and tropical or high-altitude holidays.

No sunscreen blocks all UV rays, so shade, clothing and a hat still matter. Children's skin is more sensitive: use SPF 50+ and keep them in the shade. Keep babies under 6 months out of direct sun, and ask a pharmacist or doctor about sunscreen for young children.

Cream, Milk, Spray or Oil: What's the Difference?

Creams are rich and suit the face and dry skin. Milks are lighter and easier to spread, and are often preferred for children. Sprays are quick but easy to apply unevenly, so spray generously and rub in. Oils feel pleasant, but check they carry an SPF and reapply often. Whatever the texture, what matters is applying enough and reapplying regularly.

Safe Sun Enjoyment Tips

• Seek shade between about 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when UV rays are strongest.
  
  
• Apply sunscreen generously (about 30 ml, a shot glass, for an adult's whole body) 15 to 30 minutes before going out.
  
  
• Reapply every 2 hours, and after swimming, sweating or towelling, even if the sunscreen is water-resistant.
  
  
• Wear a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses that block UV rays and light clothing, and use a lip balm with SPF.
  
  
• Remember that water and sand reflect UV rays, and that clouds do not block them all.
  
  
• Keep children in the shade with hats, sunglasses and light clothing.
  
  
• Check the expiry date of your sunscreen and discard expired products. Keep them out of direct sun.
  
  
• For air travel, sunscreen in hand luggage must be in containers of 100 ml or less, in a clear bag. Larger sizes go in checked luggage, but airport rules vary, so check with your airline.
  
  
• If you burn badly, with blisters, fever or dizziness, seek medical advice.